Category: Agama

Siapakah Mahram Seorang Wanita?

# Siapakah Mahram? oleh Ustaz Hamzah Jummat

Saudaraku, semoga Allah menambah-nambahkan ilmu agama kita semua.

Di saat masyarakat Islam semakin berilmu dan semakin memahami agama, kedengaran suara2 sumbang yang mempertahankan adat-istiadat jahil masa lalu di atas nama “adat Melayu”.

Lalu bermula cerita nostalgia sewaktu gadis2 Melayu cukup dengan pakaian kebaya & selendang dan bersalam-salaman dengan saudara-mara lelaki tanpa mengenali batas mahram.

Bukankah sesuatu yang amat buruk menggantikan ilmu & kefahaman dengan kejahilan? Lalu, diatasnamakan adat, adab & tatasusila Melayu? Sehingga dipinggirkan syari’at agama…

Semoga penjelasan ringkas berikut menambahkan fahaman kita mengenai isu mahram.

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Mahram bagi seseorang wanita adalah suaminya dan sesiapa yang haram untuk dinikahinya buat selama-lamanya samada kerana faktor nasab (talian persaudaraan/kekeluargaan) seperti adik beradik lelakinya ataupun faktor yang mubah/harus hukumnya seperti adik-beradik lelaki susuannya ataupun persemendaan seperti suami kepada ibunya (yang telah menggauli ibunya)

Mereka adalah:

A. 7 DARIPADA NASAB
– hubungan kekeluargaan/keturunan
– haram menikahinya
– halal bersentuhan pada bahagian yang bukan aurat
– halal ikhtilat/khulwah yang sesuai batas Syara‘ & pendedahan aurat (yakni pada bahagian betis ke bawah dan leher ke atas)
– dan sah menjadi mahram yang menemaninya ketika bermusafir

1. Bapa,
2. anak-anak lelaki
3. adik-beradik lelaki (seibu sebapa/seibu sahaja/sebapa sahaja) – berbeza dengan adik-beradik anjing (saudara anjing[2])
4. bapa saudara (adik beradik bapa) dan
5. pakcik-pakcik (adik-beradik ibu)
6. anak saudara (anak daripada adik beradik lelaki) dan
7. keponakan (anak daripada adik-beradik perempuan).

B. 6 DARIPADA SUSUAN
– haram nikah & halal ikhtilat/khulwah yang sesuai batas Syara‘, pendedahan aurat (yakni pada bahagian betis ke bawah dan leher ke atas)
– dan sah menjadi mahram yang menemaninya ketika bermusafir. – – namun tiada hak perwarisan & tiada hak nafkah:

1. Suami kepada ibu susuannya – kewujudan susu dengan pergaulannya (berbeza dengan bekas suami kepada ibu susuan),
2. adik beradik susuannya (anak2 ibu susuan & anak2 suami ibu susuan yakni sebapa berbeza dengan anak-anak suami lain)
3. bapa kepada ibu susuannya
4. Bapa mertua ibu susuan (beza dengan mertua, yang merupakan suami kepada ibu susuan)
5. adik-beradik lelaki seibu kepada ibu susuan dan
6. adik beradik lelaki sebapa kepada ibu susuan.

C. SEMENDAAN:

1. Bapa mertua (ke atas) selama-lamanya haram menikahinya,
2. anak menantu (ke bawah) selama-lamanya haram menikahinya.
3. Ipar; mahram sementara yakni haram dinikahi buat sementara kerana halangan Syar‘i (apabila kakak/adik perempuannya meninggal, iparnya yakni suami kepada kakak/adik perempuannya ini halal menikahinya), begitu juga pakcik ipar (suami kepada makcik/ibu saudaranya) dan mereka ini tidak sah menjadi teman musafir dan tidak halal ikhtilat atau khulwah dengannya serta tidak pula diperbolehkan sentuhan dengannya atau pendedahan aurat di hadapannya, yakni sama sahaja seperti bukan mahram.

Demikian yang disimpulkan dan diperjelaskan oleh ‘ulama berpandukan ayat yang menerangkan Mahram (wanita yang haram dinikahi) bagi seseorang lelaki.

FirmanNya Subhaanahu wa Ta‘aala:

Ertinya: “Diharamkan kepada kamu berkahwin dengan (perempuan-perempuan yang berikut): ibu-ibu kamu, dan anak-anak kamu, dan saudara-saudara kamu, dan saudara-saudara bapa kamu, dan saudara-saudara ibu kamu dan anak-anak saudara kamu yang lelaki, dan anak-anak saudara kamu yang perempuan, dan ibu-ibu kamu yang telah menyusukan kamu, dan saudara-saudara susuan kamu, dan ibu-ibu isteri kamu, dan anak-anak tiri yang dalam pemuliharaan kamu dari isteri-isteri yang kamu telah campuri; tetapi kalau kamu belum campuri mereka (isteri kamu) itu (dan kamu telahpun menceraikan mereka), maka tiadalah salah kamu (berkahwin dengannya). Dan (haram juga kamu berkahwin dengan) bekas isteri anak-anak kamu sendiri yang berasal dari benih kamu. Dan diharamkan kamu menghimpunkan dua beradik sekali (untuk menjadi isteri-isteri kamu), kecuali yang telah berlaku pada masa yang lalu. Sesungguhnya Allah adalah Maha Pengampun, lagi Maha Mengasihani.” (Surah an-Nisa’: 4: 23)

Sumber: “Siapakah Mahram?” oleh Ustaz Hamzah Jummat di www.al-jamaah.sg

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Source: Islamiq Sg

March 22, 2017
Mufti Malaysia: Pemandu, Penumpang Uber/Grab Bukan Muhrim Boleh, Jika Syarat-Syarat Dipatuhi

PETALING JAYA: Berkongsi kereta melalui khidmat Grab dan Uber melibatkan bukan muhrim masih boleh dikategorikan khalwat, kata Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan, tetapi berkata ia dibolehkan dengan syarat penumpang duduk diam di bahagian belakang kenderaan sekiranya mendapati pemandu berlainan jantina.

Menjawab soalan mengenai hukum lelaki dan wanita menggunakan perkhidmatan kongsi kenderaan itu, Datuk Dr Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri berkata syarat lain yang perlu dipatuhi ialah laluan yang digunakan “tidak sunyi”.

“Pemandu melalui jalan yang tidak sunyi agar terlindung dari sebarang fitnah,” katanya dalam penulisan di laman rasmi Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan.

Beliau memberikan beberapa dalil mengenai definisi khalwat, istilah Arab yang membawa maksud bersendirian atau berasingan.

“Maka berdasarkan beberapa dalil yang kami kongsikan di atas, dapatlah kita fahami bahawa berdua-duaan di antara lelaki dan perempuan yang bukan mahram adalah suatu perbuatan yang haram lagi ditegah.

“Ini sama ada khalwat itu berlaku di taman-taman bunga, taman tasik, di dalam bilik atau hotel, dan begitulah juga di dalam kenderaan seperti teksi, Uber, atau GrabCar,” katanya.

Beliau mengesyorkan pengguna khidmat Uber dan Grab berusaha mengelak daripada berkongsi kenderaan dengan bukan muhrim, dengan membatalkan tempahan selepas memeriksa butiran diri pemandu atau penumpang yang dipaparkan aplikasi berkenaan.

Bagaimanapun, Zulkifli mengakui perbuatan kerap membatalkan tempahan akan menyebabkan penggantungan akaun dan memberi kesan buruk terhadap pendapatan.

Menurutnya, kebenaran bukan muhrim untuk berada dalam kenderaan sama adalah atas dasar “darurat”, iaitu disebabkan keperluan yang tidak dapat dielakkan.

“Dengan syarat penumpang itu duduk di bahagian belakang kenderaan, tidak berbual melainkan sekadar yang perlu sahaja.”

Source: www.freemalaysiatoday.com

March 22, 2017
Is The Hijab Being Turned Into Everything It Stands Against?

As a hijab wearing Muslim woman, it pleases me to see hijabis getting recognition. Companies have noticed Muslim women’s presence and have started catering to their modest fashion needs. For example, Nike recently came out with a line suitable for Muslim women and those that wish to dress in conservative sports gear. It even includes a head piece with the classic Nike logo.

Uniqlo, a Japanese clothing brand, has also just released a collection of headscarves. Even designer companies, such as Dolce and Gabbana, have come out with floral printed hijabs and abayas for Muslim women to wear. Brands like DKNY and H&M have previously come out with Ramadan modest clothing collections.

Understandably, many Muslims are welcoming these companies’ moves. Why not? It is a sign that we are being acknowledged as consumerists. Companies have discovered a niche in the market from social media where hijab fashion bloggers have created a platform for themselves and are using apps, in particular Instagram, to showcase modest fashion. Some of the most popular ‘hijabi fashionistas’ have up to two million followers. These Muslim women have gone beyond fashion and into beauty; there are now thousands of hijab wearing women across the world creating makeup tutorials on how to achieve the perfect winged eyeliner.

However, with the good comes the bad. Are hijabis turning the hijab into everything it stands against?

Aside from the hijab representing modesty, it represents liberation; a stand against objectification and sexualisation. When a woman covers herself, she compels people to judge her on the basis of her character and her actions; not the way she looks. A hijab is not merely a scarf but a way to free oneself from societies that tell women that their worth is determined by their appearance.

But have we Muslim women succumbed to idealistic beauty standards, and have we simply made the headscarf a fashion trend; an accessory rather than our identity as followers of the Islamic faith? It seems as though we have now submitted to society’s beauty demands that we had been resisting since the beginning of Islam. We are now following all the latest trends and styles; the only difference is that we have a scarf wrapped around our heads. The hijab is in the process of being commercialised and multinational companies are capitalising from it.

Companies should not stop catering to Muslim women’s clothing needs. After years of not being recognised as consumers, we are now spoilt for choice. However, as Muslim women, we should remember exactly what the hijab symbolises and do it justice, and not allow our appearances to define who we are or let fashion engulf us.

By Priya Jasmin Begum

Source: Huffingtonpost

March 21, 2017
Science Backs Islam’s Logic Of Eating Halal Meat Instead Of Haram

Islam, considered to be the perfect religion, has always provided reasons for the dos and don’ts in its properties. Just as science backs Islam’s logic of declaring pig haram and how praying 5 times a day helps a person stay healthier, there is also a specious logic behind eating halal meat (where the animal is slaughtered) instead of chopping its head off directly, which makes it haram.

Source: thenation.com

Muslims all over the world abstain from eating meat that has been slaughtered in a haram manner, or through mechanical slaughter. Here’s how science backs the logic with proper reasoning.

WHAT MAKES MEAT HALAL OR HARAM?

Source: Muslimvillage.com

The blood that does not drain out of the animal’s body, contaminated the meat completely, be it in a chicken, cow or a goat. This clotted blood ruins the freshness of the meat and becomes the cause for multiple illnesses when the humans eat it.

The butchers, who slaughter the animal in a haram way, which is also known as the ‘Jhatka’ – chop the head off the animal completely, especially a chicken. This results in discretion of the brain and heart; which makes the heart stops pumping and beating blood in a jiffy. With no driving force left to push the blood out of the body, the blood stagnates in the veins and arteries, contaminating the blood and causing it to affect the meat.

Science proves that blood is the most capable medium of bacterial growth. This contaminated meat makes the human body more vulnerable to infections and considerable pain in the joints, due to the rising uric acid level in the blood.

WHY MUSLIMS PREFER HALAL MEAT AND ITS PROPER WAY

Source: gettyimages.com

Muslim butchers who serve Halal meat do not chop the animals head off. Instead, the main jugular vein of the animal is cut, which holds the venous blood in high pressure. Due to the cut, the blood is directed out of the animal’s body, which is connected to the atrium of the heart without any irregularity.

This method of slaughtering the animal preserves the link between heart and brain of the animal, allowing the animal to breathe out naturally. With this method, the heart keeps pumping until all the blood from the body is drained out and only meat is left, without any contamination, leaving the meat pure and Halal.

THE FAMOUS QUESTION OF WHY FISH IS CONSIDERED HALAL WITHOUT BEING SLAUGHTERED

Source: shmoop.com

Many non-Muslims have asked this question, that why the fish has been declared Halal without being slaughtered. The answer too, lies in science.

Allah Almighty created everything in perfect balance. The moment the fish is taken out of the water, the entire blood of the fish redirects and moves into a part called the epiglottis, which is in its mouth – draining the blood from the whole body and leaving the meat pure and Halal.

Thus, Science too backs Islam’s logic of heating Halal meat instead of Haram.

BY: S.K PAKISTAN

Source: Parhlo

March 21, 2017
Malaysian Muslim Lawyers Association: Shariah Offenders Should Be Placed In Special Prisons

KUALA LUMPUR, March 18 ― Muslims convicted of Shariah offences should be placed in exclusive prisons instead of with inmates from the criminal system, said the Malaysian Association for Muslim Lawyers.

Its president, Datuk Zainul Rijal Abu Bakar, argued that Shariah offences were largely victimless crimes and should not be treated similarly as those from the Penal Code.

“Most of these cases are behavioural in nature, it would be unfair for them to be placed in a civil prison with drug and rape offenders,” he was quoted as saying by the Berita Harian newspaper.

“They should be placed in a special prison that provides education and explanation on Islam to ensure rehabilitation”

He said this at a forum on efforts to increase punishments under the the Syariah Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act 1965 yesterday.

He also denied the proposal would lead to hudud, the Islamic penal law, and argued that the higher punishments were prevent jurisdiction shopping.

“The criminals would definitely choose a court that gives a lesser sentence, hence where is the justice for the victims in the relevant cases,” Zainul said.

It is not clear what he based this argument upon, as there are currently no overlaps between Shariah offences that are religious in nature and crimes under the Penal Code.

However, such overlaps would exist if hudud is implemented in the country.

Parliament is due to debate PAS president Datuk Seri Abdul Hadi Awang’s private Bill to enhance Shariah punishments.

It proposes to allow Shariah courts to impose maximum penalties of up to 30 years’ jail, 100 strokes of the cane, and RM100,000 in fines.

The limits now are three years’ jail, six strokes, and RM5,000.

Source: www.themalaymailonline.com

March 20, 2017