Category: Komentar

Send in your opinion to [email protected].
Kirimkan pandangan anda kepada [email protected].

  • MIlitan Perguna Ideologi Salafi Untuk Tujuan Ganas

    MIlitan Perguna Ideologi Salafi Untuk Tujuan Ganas

    Selepas peristiwa serangan ganas 9/11 di Amerika Syarikat, istilah Salafi telah menarik perhatian ramai.

    Salafi telah dipersalahkan sebagai sebuah ideologi yang menyokong keganasan dan pengganas.

    Sejak itu, sebilangan penulis Barat dan media gagal mengetengahkan analisis yang seimbang dan tetap bagi istilah Salafi: dengan hanya menyebarkan perspektif negatif dan condong.

    Sebenarnya Salafi amat disalah anggap oleh kerana sifatnya yang agak kabur.

    Ia merangkumi pelbagai pemahaman yang termasuk keganasan dan keamanan.

    Oleh itu, usaha-usaha memberikan pengertian menyeluruh yang dapat diterima daripada istilah Salafi telah menjadi sesuatu yang amat sukar oleh para ulama.

    Soalan penting bagi siapakah atau apakah yang layak digelar sebagai golongan Salafi masih dipertikaikan.

    Namun perlu ditekankan bahawa istilah Salafi berasal daripada tradisi Islam.

    Salafi dari segi asalnya hanyalah salah satu daripada berbagai-bagai pemahaman Islam.

    Namun, penting ditekankan bahawa istilah Salafi telah melalui pelbagai pemahaman dari masa ke masa, dan penting bagi kita memahami makna Salaf dan Salafi dari segi dasar, sejarah dan konteksnya.

    APAKAH SALAFI DAN SIAPAKAH SALAF?

    Salafi atau Salafiyyah berasal daripada istilah ‘Salaf’.

    Salaf dalam bahasa Arab bermaksud “yang telah berlalu” (salafa). Dalam bahasa Arab, orang yang telah mendahului nenek moyang kita dianggap seorang salaf.

    Al-Quran juga menggunakan perkataan ‘salaf’ dalam hal ini.

    “Dan Kami jadikan mereka orang-orang yang telah lalu (salafan) sebagai contoh bagi zaman kemudian,” (Quran 43:56).

    Dari sudut Islam, istilah Salaf itu merujuk kepada umat Islam dari zaman awal, yang juga sahabat kepada Nabi Muhammad saw, orang yang mengikuti mereka dan para ulama daripada tiga generasi pertama umat Islam.

    Umat Islam zaman awal ini dikenali sebagai Salaf Al-Shalih dan mereka menikmati status istimewa dalam kalangan umat Islam seperti yang disebut oleh Nabi Muhammad saw: “Sebaik-baik umat adalah generasiku, kemudian sesudahnya, kemudian sesudahnya.”

    Pastinya, disebabkan mereka dekat kepada zaman Nabi saw, bermakna mereka juga lebih dekat kepada ajaran Islam yang asal.

    Para sahabat Nabi saw menerima pengajaran langsung daripada Rasulullah saw dan dapat menyaksikan kedua-dua wahyu dan juga konteks penurunannya, manakala dua generasi berikutnya menerima ajaran Islam menurut tafsiran para sahabat.

    Salafiyyah dikenali sebagai manhaj (metodologi) atau amalan para golongan Salafi.

    Dalam konteks moden, istilah Salafi merujuk kepada pengamal Salafiyyah.

    Dari segi bahasa, istilah Salafi ini adalah satu anggapan ulama Salaf. Salafi adalah seorang yang mengamalkan ajaran Salaf.

    Oleh itu, apabila seseorang mengaku dirinya sebagai seorang Salafi, ia bermaksud bahawa beliau mengamal dan mengikuti ajaran Salaf.

    SALAFI MODEN DAN CABANG-CABANGNYA

    Istilah “Salafi Moden” merujuk kepada kecenderungan agamanya kepada sesebuah idea atau identiti.

    Identiti di sini bermaksud sesuatu sistem kepercayaan (ideologi), idea, moral, kepentingan sosial, politik dan komitmen Salafi Moden.

    Ia juga merupakan sebuah ideologi yang menentukan bagaimana dunia dan sistemnya harus berfungsi.

    Ajaran tersebut berdasarkan ajaran daripada Al-Quran, Sunah (hadis) dan amalan generasi awal Islam (Salaf).

    Oleh kerana mereka mengikuti ajaran Salaf, maka mereka menggelarkan diri mereka sebagai individu daripada golongan Salafi.

    Salafi Moden dilihat sebagai seorang individu yang berusaha mahu penyuburan semula warisan sejarah Nabi Muhammad saw, para sahabat beliau dan generasi awal Islam dengan mengamalkan ajaran pada zaman silam kepada masa kini.

    Salafi Moden bermacam: ia terdiri daripada pelbagai elemen dan orientasi – ada yang sederhana dan ada juga yang digelar ekstrem (pengganas).

    Walaupun kebanyakan Salafi sebulat suara dalam hal akidah dan iman, mereka berbeza pendapat mengenai isu-isu perundangan dan politik.

    Ulama Islam, Abdullah Saeed, membahagikan mereka kepada empat golongan – Salafi Moden, Salafi Islam, Salafi Tegar dan Salafi Militan.

    Salafi Moden merujuk kepada idea-idea yang muncul daripada penghujung abad ke-19 di Mesir dan Damsyik sebagai reaksi kepada kelaziman idea-idea Eropah dan berusaha menerangkan kesan positif dan negatif terhadap tamadun Islam.

    Golongan Salafi ini dikaitkan dengan Muhammad Abduh.

    Beliau berasal daripada pertengahan abad ke-19 di Mesir dan menyaksikan tempoh pengaruhan Barat ke atas Timur Tengah.

    Beliau percaya bahawa pengaruh itu menjejas masyarakat Islam yang senantiasa meniru membabi buta cara-cara Barat lalu menyebabkan keruntuhan moral dan kemunduran di kebanyakan masyarakat Islam.

    Bersama dengan reformis yang lain di zamannya, iaitu Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Muhammad Rashid Rida, Muhammad al-Shawkani dan Jalal al-San’ani, mereka mencadangkan bahawa penyelesaian terletak dalam pengkajian sumber asal agama.

    Ini termasuk, selain daripada Al-Quran dan Sunah, pematuhan kepada amalan Salaf Al-Shalih itu.

    Bagaimanapun, para reformis awal ini berpendapat bahawa orang Islam tidak seharusnya memisahkan diri mereka sepenuhnya daripada dunia Barat.

    Malah, mereka mengalu-alukan reformasi Islam yang mentafsirkan sumber-sumber awal Islam sambil bersaing dengan cara-cara kehidupan moden.

    PERBEZAAN: SALAFI ISLAM, SALAFI TEGAR DAN SALAFI JIHAD

    Salafi Islam kadangkala dikenali sebagai Salafi Politik, menekankan penerapan pemahaman Salafi di arena politik.

    Contohnya kumpulan Persaudaraan Islam dan Hizb Al Parti Ummah di Mesir.

    Salafi Tegar lazimnya dikaitkan dengan Arab Saudi dan dipercayai telah ditubuhkan oleh Muhammad Ibn Abd al Wahhab.

    Ia adalah jenis Salafi yang lebih tradisional di mana penganutnya mengamalkan cara-cara Islam yang tegas dan selalunya tidak boleh bertolak ansur.

    Salafi ini merujuk kepada Ibn Taimiyah (1263-1328) dan bukan para ulama abad ke-19 seperti Muhammad Abduh, Al-Afghani dan Rashid Rida.

    Akhirnya Salafi Militan, yang juga dikenali sebagai Salafi Jihad.

    Golongan ini cenderung kepada aksi militan yang berhujah bahawa konteks semasa memerlukan keganasan dan revolusi.

    Fahaman ini dikaitkan dengan Osama Bin Laden dan Ayman Al-Zawahiri.

    Golongan-golongan Salafi yang berbeza ini sentiasa merujuk kepada ulama-ulama mereka yang berlainan fahaman sebagai rujukan agama demi kesahihan dan bimbingan.

    Tafsiran agama yang berbeza mempunyai implikasi yang mendalam terhadap politik, sosial dan ekonomi mereka.

    Perselisihan dan pertikaian sesama golongan ini adalah jelas.

    Bolehkah seorang Muslim mendengar muzik?

    Patutkah seorang Muslim menahan diri daripada membeli barangan dan produk Israel?

    Haruskah seorang Muslim berjuang menjatuhkan kerajaan Islam yang gagal melaksanakan syariah sepenuhnya?

    Setiap golangan Salafi mempunyai jawapan dan nasihat yang berbeza bagi penganutnya untuk soalan- soalan tersebut dan yang lain-lain.

    Kategori Salafi Moden yang disebutkan di atas adalah pada permukaan sahaja.

    Ia hanyalah suatu anggaran atau tanggapan untuk membantu kita agar lebih memahami dengan mendalam mengenai trend ideologi Salafi Moden.

    Perbezaan di antara golongan itu menjejas sesetengah golongan Salafi yang juga bersifat aman dalam kalangan majoriti yang membentuk Salafi Moden.

    • Ustaz Dr Mohamed Ali, Penulis Penolong Profesor, Sekolah Pengajian Antarabangsa S. Rajaratnam (RSIS), Universiti Teknologi Nanyang.

     

    Source: http://beritaharian.sg

  • Peter Lim: Positive People A Factor In Valencia’s Champions League Push

    Peter Lim: Positive People A Factor In Valencia’s Champions League Push

    ingapore billionaire Peter Lim paid tribute to his Valencia team after the Spanish side eased to a 3-0 win over city rivals Levante on Monday night.

    The win brought the club to 65 points and firmly in the hunt for third spot, one behind Atletico Madrid, which gives it an automatic slot in next season’s Champions League. They remain 10 points behind leaders Barcelona.

    And with seven games to the end of the season, the likelihood of Valencia making its first return to Europe’s elite football tournament since the 2012/2013 season is something the former remisier is relishing.

    In his first comments since forking out €420 million (S$605 million) last October to take over the club, Lim, 62, expressed his delight with his acquisition.

    “The experience has been very good so far. We took over a club with very positive people willing to work hard together to move the club to the top,” Lim, estimated to be worth US$2.05 billion (S$2.79 billion) by Forbes Singapore, told The Straits Times.

    “As far as football is concerned, I’m enjoying the games very much. Spanish football is in a league of its own and highly competitive.”

    With a capacity crowd of 53,000 at the Mestalla cheering the home side on, headers from striker Paco Alcacer and winger Sofiane Feghouli and a spectacular long-range piledriver from forward Alvaro Negredo delighted the fans and Lim.

    “As you saw for yourself from this game alone, the Valencian fans are very different,” added Lim. “They are really very passionate.

    “All our goals tonight were the result of excellent teamwork. The entire team played very well, putting the episode in Bilbao (conceding a late goal to draw) behind them.”

    Among those at the match was former Singapore foreign affairs minister George Yeo, a personal friend of Lim’s.

    He said: “As a fellow Singaporean, I feel proud of him. In the last two days, I got to know the small Singapore team which has become part of Valencia Football Club and indeed part of Valencia. Valencia Football Club is an important part of the life of the people of Valencia.”

    Valencia, which last won the La Liga in 2004 and reached the Champions League final in 2000 and 2001, are dreaming of a return to glory days under current coach Nuno Espirito Santo. With Lim’s investment, the club managed to clear a €200 million debt, invested £170 million (S$342 million) to complete construction of a new stadium and also splashed €45 million to recruit two Benfica players – striker Rodrigo Moreno, 22, and midfielder Andre Gomes, 20.

     

    Source: www.straitstimes.com

  • Cyber Crooks Using Social Media To Gain Trust, Singaporeans Not Immune

    Cyber Crooks Using Social Media To Gain Trust, Singaporeans Not Immune

    A video supposedly captured the late actor Robin Williams saying goodbye before he committed suicide. But to view it, one has to share the clip on Facebook, do a survey or download software.

    There was no video. It’s a scam. Meanwhile, the number of times it was shared mounted on Facebook, giving the ploy more legitimacy and widening its appeal.

    Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are increasingly used by cybercriminals to exploit our trust, according to the latest Internet Security Threat Report from Symantec Global Intelligence Network, which was released at the INTERPOL World yesterday.

    And Singaporeans are not immune: The Republic is ranked seventh in the Asia-Pacific (including Japan) and 33rd globally for social media scams, according to the report. Topping the ranking globally was the United States.

    The report also flagged another area of vulnerability — the use of mobile applications. Of the 6.3 million apps surveyed by Symantec, more than 1 million are classified as malware, and about 2.3 million are “grayware” apps, which do not contain viruses but can be harmful to users, such as by bombarding the user with advertising.

    Commenting on the report, Mr Peter Sparkes, Symantec’s senior director of Cyber Security Services for Asia Pacific and Japan, said: “Attackers have stepped up their game by tricking companies into infecting themselves through Trojanised software updates and gaining full access to corporate networks without the need to even make any forced entry.”

    Second Minister for Home Affairs S Iswaran, speaking at the opening ceremony of the congress, noted that as the Internet penetration rate — now at more than 40 per cent globally — continues to rise, with networks connecting vehicles, homes and even health devices, the exposure to cyber threats has also grown.

    “New cybercrime attack vectors and more points of entry are being introduced, allowing criminals to easily steal personal information for fraudulent activities, or even worse, cripple entire systems simply by targeting one device,” he said.

    He pointed out that although mobile phones store a huge amount of personal information, mobile phone security is not widely practiced.

    “Our increasing dependence and reliance on technology also means that criminals and terrorists can easily manipulate the information we see on our screens to their advantage,” he said, noting that cybercriminals are also able to intercept wirelessly transmitted information by “man-in-the-middle malware”.

    Symantec noted that while emails remain a key means of attack for cybercriminals, they are also experimenting with attacks on mobile devices and social networks to reach out to more people with less effort. For example, they could invite social networks users to join a fake event or group with incentives such as free gift cards, with the intention of getting users to share their credentials, or send a text to a premium rate number.

    Meanwhile, more lucrative and aggressive attack methods such as ransomware — a type of malware preventing or limiting users from accessing their system — remain a threat. The number of such cases rose 113 per cent globally last year.

    While attackers continue to evolve and persist, businesses and consumers can protect themselves. Mr Sparkes said individual users should not use one password for multiple accounts for security reasons.

    For companies, Mr Sparkes said they should educate their users as well as ensure incidence response plans and recovery plans are tested and in place.

     

    Source: www.todayonline.com

  • Preservation Of Monuments Act Allows Government To Protect Oxley Road House

    Preservation Of Monuments Act Allows Government To Protect Oxley Road House

    The late Mr Lee Kuan Yew’s explicit wish was to have his Oxley Road house demolished after his death, but heritage and legal experts say the law allows the Government to protect it by preserving it as a national monument.

    Under the Preservation of Monuments Act, the National Heritage Board can ask the Minister for Culture, Community and Youth to gazette the more than 100-year-old bungalow.

    This is provided the property fulfils criteria such as having historic, cultural, traditional, archaeological, architectural, artistic or symbolic significance, and being of national importance.

    Senior consultant Gopalan Raman of law firm KhattarWong’s litigation department said yesterday that the property is clearly of “great historical value”.

    “It is the house of the first Prime Minister, who has done so much to develop Singapore to the state that it is in today with his early comrades,” he said.

    The Act also trumps Mr Lee’s wish in his will for the house to be demolished after his death – or immediately after his daughter, Dr Lee Wei Ling, who lives there, moves out

    Singapore Management University heritage law expert Jack Lee said the state has “power over personal wishes”.

    “A will of any person cannot override the ordinary law of the land. For instance, if someone were to will that his house becomes a casino, land zoning laws would take precedence,” he said.

    When a property has been identified for its heritage value, the authorities generally engage the owner over their plans.

    The owner’s consent is sought as the task and cost of the upkeep of the monument falls on the owner, said experts. So when a declaration to preserve it is made, it is presumably with the owner’s consent, they said.

    In the case of an unwilling owner, the law allows the Government to step in to acquire the property, said Dr Jack Lee. But this has rarely been done.

    There is also no annual budget for acquisitions, said Dr Kevin Tan, president of the International Council on Monuments and Sites Singapore.

    The experts yesterday acknowledged the late Mr Lee’s wishes and noted that his son, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, told Parliament on Monday that Dr Lee intends to continue living there.

    “Therefore, there is no immediate issue of demolition of the house, and no need for the Government to make any decision now,” PM Lee said of the property and Mr Lee’s wishes, in response to questions from MPs.

    Dr Tan said it was unlikely that the Act would be used to acquire the house any time soon, owing to the difficulty of doing so.

    Still, most experts said the formal process of assessing its historical significance should get under way. The Oxley house is where the People’s Action Party was formed in 1954 and key decisions made in the early years of independent Singapore.

    Dr Tan also believes that by the time the Lee family makes a decision on the house, a Founders’ Memorial would have been built. This would allow Singaporeans to commemorate Mr Lee and the first-generation leaders without the Oxley premises in focus.

    Since Mr Lee died on March 23 at age 91, calls to preserve his house have grown. An online petition gathered 1,700 signatures in about a week.

     

    Source: www.straitstimes.com

  • 22 Injured In Asiana Airlines Accident At Hiroshima Airport

    22 Injured In Asiana Airlines Accident At Hiroshima Airport

    An Airbus A320 flown by Asiana Airlines from Seoul ran out of runway soon after landing at Hiroshima Airport on Tuesday, the transport ministry and the Hiroshima prefectural government said.

    All of the 74 passengers and eight crew members on board the South Korean airline’s Flight 162 left the aircraft by using an escape chute. The authorities said 22 people sustained minor injuries.

    The wheel of the aircraft may have struck a wireless communication facility near the runway when it landed from the eastern side of the airport just after 8 p.m., a transport ministry official said.

    The aircraft ran halfway through the runway but later skidded off to the left, turning it around in the opposite direction, airport officials said.

    The about 6.4-meter high wireless communication facility, located about 300 meters away from an edge of the runway, was found damaged. The aircraft’s left wing and left engine were damaged while scratches were seen on the aircraft’s tail.

    What appears to be an antenna from the wireless facility was stuck in the wheel close to the left wing base, the authorities said.

    The plane “rocked before landing and it bounced when it touched down,” a passenger said. “We saw a fire coming out of an engine and smoke entered the aircraft.”

    According to the local meteorological observatory, it was foggy and mildly raining near the airport.

    Hiroshima Airport closed its runway to flights shortly after 8 p.m., making two of the five flights heading to the airport return to where they departed from while the other three were diverted to other airports.

    The Japan Transport Safety Board will dispatch three investigators to the airport Wednesday, while South Korea’s transport ministry said it will send eight investigators there and two officials to Asiana Airlines to look into the incident.

    Japanese police are investigating the incident by setting up an emergency response team.

    The plane left Incheon airport near Seoul at around 6:30 p.m. for Hiroshima Airport, located in Mihara, Hiroshima Prefecture.

    An Asiana Airlines Boeing 777 crashed in San Francisco in July 2013 when it was approaching the airport for landing. Three passengers were killed. U.S. transport authorities said the crew may have been too dependent on autopilot.

     

    Source: www.scmp.com

deneme bonusu